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USING MULTIPLE MEMORY CHANNELS
[LISTEN TO A SUMMARY]
From the Australian Journal of Educational Technology.
"Modern views of working memory suggest that it consists of separate processors for auditory and visual information ... limited working memory may be effectively expanded by using more than one sensory modality making learning easier. For example, a visual diagram accompanied by an auditory text can be more efficient than the equivalent diagram with (visual) text. To understand the instruction, the learners must mentally integrate the diagram and its associated text. When presented entirely in visual form, the act of mental integration is cognitively demanding ... In such a situation, increasing effective working memory by using a dual-mode instructional format, presenting the text in auditory form ..... might be beneficial due to cognitive load reduction."
Whew! But it makes sense. To be fair, this quote comes from the paper 'On when using sound with a text or picture is not beneficial for learning.' The author goes on to explain that if information is presented concurrently, where the text and audio are the same, that the redundancy might overload some of the sensory channels. It is, however, a common practice in CD-ROM training to have most of the text on screen read aloud as well.
This concept is explored and researched in the book Multimedia Learning, which is reviewed elsewhere in the Initiative.
Slava Kalyuga "When using sound with a text or picture is not beneficial for learning." Australian Journal of Educational Technology - The University of New South Wales. 2000. http://cleo.murdoch.edu.au/ajet/ajet16/kalyuga.html
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